Niushou Mountain Cultural Tourism Zone

Nestled in the southern suburbs of Jiangning District, Nanjing, Niushou Mountain derives its name from its distinctive twin peaks that resemble the horns of an ox. Locally, it is also known as Niutou Mountain. This unique geological feature, coupled with its rich history and cultural heritage, make the mountain a remarkable destination. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Prime Minister Wang Dao persuaded Emperor Sima Rui to gaze upon the twin peaks of Niushou Mountain, comparing them to “Heaven’s Gates.” Since then, it has also been referred to as Tianque Mountain, or “Mountain of Heavenly Towers.”

Where Nature Meets History

Renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and profound cultural significance, Niushou Mountain has long been celebrated as “Spring Niushou”. It served as a battlefield for General Yue Fei during the Song Dynasty and is the final resting place of the great maritime explorer Zheng He. Furthermore, Niushou Mountain is the cradle of the Niutou Zen Sect of Chinese Buddhism, a spiritual tradition with a legacy that resonates across centuries.

The main peak of Niushou Mountain rises to 242.9 metres above sea level. Historically, its two peaks stood in majestic opposition, but the western peak was damaged due to iron ore mining in the mid-20th century, leaving only the eastern peak intact. Despite this loss, Niushou Mountain retains its unparalleled blend of natural splendour and cultural depth, offering visitors a tranquil retreat to explore history and immerse themselves in the wisdom of Zen Buddhism.

The Sacred Buddhist Realm

Niushou Mountain is not only a gem of natural beauty but also a sanctuary of Buddhist spirituality. The discovery of the Buddha’s parietal bone relic on this sacred ground has infused it with new life and devotion. Today, the Foding Sacred Realm, comprising the Foding Palace, Foding Pagoda, and Foding Temple, stands as a magnificent embodiment of historical reverence and modern ingenuity.

Foding Palace

At the heart of this sacred realm is the Foding Palace, situated on the western slope of the mountain and constructed atop a historic mining pit. With an impressive floor area of 136,000 square meters, the palace is dedicated to enshrining the Buddha’s parietal bone relic. The architectural design is laden with symbolism: its grand dome represents the Buddha’s robe, while the smaller dome signifies the Mani Jewel, forming the sacred image of a lotus cradling a treasure. The palace is not only a pilgrimage site for Buddhist devotees but also a resplendent showcase of Buddhist art and architectural brilliance.

Foding Pagoda

Rising 88 metres into the sky, the Foding Pagoda is a striking landmark within the Foding Sacred Realm. Its Tang Dynasty-inspired design echoes the historical Hongjue Temple Pagoda, reviving the vision of twin towers gracing Niushou Mountain. The pagoda enshrines a statue of Vairocana Buddha and houses a Tang-style bronze Vajra Bell alongside a rich collection of Buddhist scriptures. From its summit, visitors can enjoy panoramic views of the mountain’s changing beauty across the seasons.

Foding Temple

Nestled southwest of the main peak, the Foding Temple spans 35.6 acres and adheres to the architectural principles of Tang Dynasty Buddhist temples. Built along the contours of the mountain, it follows the Seven-Hall Garbhadhatu Mandala layout, integrating five functional zones: worship, dharma teaching, dining, monastic living and tea ceremonies. The temple’s design is a harmonious blend of ancient architectural wisdom and the surrounding natural environment, creating an atmosphere steeped in Zen and tranquility.

Scenic Beauty Across the Seasons

Set amidst undulating hills with lush vegetation, Niushou Mountain flourishes under the humid subtropical monsoon climate, offering a kaleidoscope of seasonal beauty. In spring, the mountain is shrouded in a veil of misty rain, resembling an ethereal paradise. Summer brings verdant greenery and refreshing breezes, while autumn cloaks the landscape in golden hues, exuding profound Zen serenity. Winter, with its gentle mists, envelops the mountain in a timeless stillness, inviting quiet introspection.

A Harmonious Journey of Nature and Spirit

The Niushou Mountain Cultural Tourism Zone presents a captivating tapestry of natural splendour, historical depth and spiritual richness. Whether scaling its scenic heights or delving into the wisdom of Zen teachings, Niushou Mountain offers an unparalleled journey of discovery and inner peace. It is a destination where the heart and mind find resonance in the embrace of history, culture, and nature - a truly unforgettable sanctuary for the soul.